Child sexual abuse (CSA) and HIV are linked in a two-way relationship where each can be, and often is, a causal factor for the other. Children who have been orphaned or who are otherwise especially vulnerable seem to be at particular risk in relation to both being sexually abused and infected with HIV. The HIV epidemic increases children's vulnerability through the illness and premature death of parents from HIV-related illnesses and subsequent shifts in children's care as a result of parental care falling away. This research explored how particular contexts and care settings impact the susceptibility of orphans and other vulnerable children (OVCs) in South Africa to child sexual abuse.5th South African AIDS Conference, Durban, June 2011 [poster]